WHAT IS KYBERNOLOGY? (Part II)

WHAT IS KYBERNOLOGY?

2

THE APPROACHES

Approaching is the way of aim at a focus of interest, using theories as tool of analyses and relevant techniques of existing disciplines of science as means to observation, from a certain angle comparing with the others’. See Figure 2.

There are at least five approaches to an object of study.  They are:

(1) meta-disciplinary, (2) mono-disciplinary, (3) multi-disciplinary, (4) inter-disciplinary,and (5) cross-disciplinary approaches (Figure 3).

Getting closer to any object of which a BOK is not yet come into being, we use the meta-disciplinary approach. Before the BOK on the object called governance reconstruct and the building materials discovered, we use the meta-disciplinary approach to go into and observe empathically. Figure 4 shows what is the meta-disciplinary approach with its seven routes of thought and Figure 5 shows how it works.

Landing on the Indonesian ground, we realize that although they looked diverse (Ind. bhinneka), they have the inner and deeper religious experience from time to time. The religious experience blend all the different communities into single  feeling and sole national consciousness (Ind. tunggal ika). It seemed that other countries in the world, share the same religious experience. William James (1842-1910) in his famous  classic 

on the psychology of religion, The Varieties of Religious Experience (1958) arrived at three hypotheses: “1. The subconscious self as intermediating between nature and the higher region. 2. The higher region, or ‘God.’ 3. He produces real effects in nature.” Half a century before William James, Mr L. P. van de Spiegel in his Schets (op. cit., 1801), has identified two kinds of highest Good, the spiritual (het verstandelijk Geluk) included religion (Godsdienst), and the physical (het lighaamelijk Geluk). Religion included  That is why before the BOK on the object called governance reconstruct and the building materials discovered, we use the meta-disciplinary approach to go closer and observe empathically. Figure 4 shows how the meta-disciplinary approach works in seven routes if thought.

Using meta-disciplinary approach the object materia of Kybernology, the community with its three subcultures, is discovered. Figure 4 shows that the object materia appears in the third step downward of the approaching. That is why, in the Science Tree (the classification of sciences) of University of Padjadjaran, we find the field of study of Kybernology (Ilmu Pemerintahan) as one of the member of Social Sciences.